Mazhinji matekinoroji epamberi ari kuchinja hupenyu hwedu mazuva ese. Kuuya uye kukura kweMotokari yemagetsi (EV)muenzaniso mukuru wekuti shanduko idzi dzinogona kureva zvakadii kuhupenyu hwedu hwebhizinesi - uye nehupenyu hwedu pachedu.
Tekinoroji kufambira mberi uye kudzora kwezvakatipoteredza kudzvinyirira mukati meinjini yekupisa (ICE) mota dziri kutyaira kufarira kuri kuwedzera mumusika weEV. Vazhinji vakagadzika vagadziri vemotokari vari kuunza mhando nyowani dzeEV, padivi pekutanga-ups kupinda mumusika. Nekusarudzwa kwekugadzira uye mamodheru aripo nhasi, uye nezvimwe zvakawanda zvichauya, mukana wekuti isu tese tingave tichityaira maEV mune ramangwana waswedera kune chokwadi kupfuura kare.
Tekinoroji inopa simba maEV anhasi inoda shanduko zhinji kubva pamagadzirirwo akaitwa mota dzechinyakare. Maitiro ekuvaka maEV anoda kuda kutarisisa dhizaini senge aesthetics yemotokari pachayo. Izvo zvinosanganisira mutsara wakamira wemarobhoti akagadzirirwa chaizvo EV application - pamwe neinochinjika mitsara yekugadzira ine nharembozha inogona kutamiswa mukati nekubuda munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzemutsetse sezvinodiwa.
Muchikamu chino tichaongorora kuti ndedzipi shanduko dzinodiwa kugadzira nekugadzira maEV nhasi. Tichataura nezve maitiro uye maitiro ekugadzira akasiyana kubva kune anoshandiswa kugadzira mota dzinofambiswa negasi.
Dhizaini, zvikamu uye maitiro ekugadzira
Kunyangwe kusimudzirwa kweEV kwakateverwa nesimba nevaongorori nevagadziri mukutanga kwezana ramakore rechimakumi maviri, mubereko wakamiswa nekuda kwemutengo wakachipa, mota dzakagadzirwa nemafuta epeturu. Tsvagiridzo yakadzikira kubva muna 1920 kusvika kumavambo ekuma1960 apo nyaya dzezvakatipoteredza dzekusvibiswa uye kutya kupedza zviwanikwa zvakaita kuti pave nekudiwa kwenzira ine hushamwari yezvifambiso zvemunhu.
EV kuchajadesign
MaEV anhasi akasiyana zvakanyanya neICE (internal combustion engine) mota dzine peturu. Rudzi rutsva rweEVs rwakabatsirwa kubva kune akateedzana akatadza kuedza kugadzira nekuvaka mota dzemagetsi vachishandisa nzira dzechinyakare dzekugadzira dzinoshandiswa nevagadziri kwemakumi emakore.
Pane misiyano yakawanda mumagadzirirwo eEVs kana achienzaniswa nemotokari dzeICE. Chitarisiko chaimbove chekuchengetedza injini, asi kutarisa uku kwave kuchinjika kuchengetedza mabhatiri mukugadzira EV. Vagadziri vemotokari uye mainjiniya vari kunyatso funga nezve dhizaini yeEVs, pamwe nekugadzira mitsva yekugadzira uye nzira dzemagungano dzekuvaka. Ivo zvino vari kugadzira EV kubva pasi nekufunga kwakanyanya kune aerodynamics, uremu uye mamwe masimba ekuita.
An bhatiri remotokari yemagetsi (EVB)ndiyo yakajairwa dhizaini yemabhatiri anoshandiswa kusimbisa mota dzemagetsi emhando dzese dzeEVs. Kazhinji, aya mabhatiri e-lithium-ion anochajiswa akanyatsogadzirirwa yakakura ampere-awa (kana kilowathour) kugona. Rechargeable mabhatiri eLithiumion tekinoroji mapurasitiki edzimba ane simbi anode uye cathodes. Lithium-ion mabhatiri anoshandisa polymer electrolyte pachinzvimbo chemvura electrolyte. High conductivity semisolid (gel) mapolymers anoumba iyi electrolyte.
Lithium-ionEV mabhatirimabhatiri e-deep-cycle akagadzirirwa kupa simba pamusoro penguva dzakasimba. Zviduku uye zvishoma, mabhatiri e-lithium-ion anodiwa nokuti anoderedza uremu hwemotokari uye naizvozvo anovandudza kushanda kwayo.
Aya mabhatiri anopa yakakwirira chaiyo simba kupfuura mamwe lithium bhatiri marudzi. Iwo anowanzo shandiswa mukushandisa uko huremu chinhu chakakosha, senge nharembozha, ndege inodzorwa neredhiyo uye, ikozvino, maEV. Bhatiri re lithium-ion rinogona kuchengeta maawa zana nemakumi mashanu emagetsi mubhatiri rinorema kirogiramu imwe chete.
Mumakumi maviri emakore apfuura, kufambira mberi kwelithium-ion bhatiri tekinoroji kwave kuchifambiswa nezvinodiwa kubva kune inotakurika magetsi, malaptop makomputa, nharembozha, maturusi emagetsi nezvimwe. Indasitiri yeEV yakakohwa mabhenefiti ekufambira mberi uku mukuita uye kuwanda kwesimba. Kusiyana nemamwe machemistries ebhatiri, mabhatiri e-lithium-ion anogona kuburitswa uye kuchajwa zuva nezuva uye chero nhanho yekuchaja.
Kune matekinoroji anotsigira kugadzirwa kwemamwe marudzi ehuremu huremu, anovimbika, anodhura mabhatiri - uye tsvakiridzo inoramba ichidzikisa huwandu hwemabhatiri anodiwa kune maEV anhasi. Mabhatiri anochengetedza simba uye masimba emagetsi emagetsi akashanduka kuita tekinoroji yavo uye ari kuchinja anenge mazuva ese.
Traction system
MaEV ane mota dzemagetsi, dzinonziwo dhizaini kana propulsion system - uye dzine simbi nemapurasitiki zvikamu zvisingambode kudzorwa. Iyo sisitimu inoshandura simba remagetsi kubva mubhatiri uye kuiendesa kuchitima chekutyaira.
MaEV anogona kugadzirwa aine maviri-mavhiri kana ese-gumbo propulsion, achishandisa angave maviri kana mana mota dzemagetsi zvakateerana. Ose ari maviri akananga ikozvino (DC) uye alternating azvino (AC) mota ari kushandiswa mune aya ma traction kana propulsion masisitimu eEVs. AC motors parizvino inonyanya kufarirwa, nekuti haishandisi mabhurashi uye inoda kushomeka kwekugadzirisa.
EV controller
EV mota dzinosanganisira yakaomesesa yemagetsi controller. Mutongi uyu anogara pasuru yemagetsi inoshanda pakati pemabhatiri nemota yemagetsi kudzora kumhanya kwemotokari uye kukwirisa, sezvinoita carburetor mumotokari ine peturu. Aya ma-on-board makomputa masisitimu haangotangi mota chete, asiwo anoshanda magonhi, mahwindo, air conditioning, tire-pressure monitoring system, varaidzo, uye zvimwe zvakawanda zvinozivikanwa kumota dzese.
EV mabhureki
Chero mhando yemabhureki inogona kushandiswa paEVs, asi regenerative braking masisitimu anofarirwa mumotokari dzemagetsi. Regenerative braking inzira iyo mota inoshandiswa sejenareta kuti idzore mabhatiri kana mota ichidzika. Aya mabhureki masisitimu anotora rimwe resimba rakarasika panguva yekubhureki uye anoridzosera kubhatiri system.
Munguva yekudzorerazve mabhureki, mamwe emagetsi ekinetic anowanzo kubatwa nemabhureki uye akashandurwa kuita kupisa anoshandurwa kuve magetsi neanodzora - uye anoshandiswa kuchajazve mabhatiri. Regenerative braking haingo wedzera huwandu hwemotokari yemagetsi ne5 kusvika 10%, asi zvakare yakaratidza kudzikisira kupfeka mabhureki uye kuderedza mutengo wekugadzirisa.
EV majaja
Mhando mbiri dzemachaja dzinodiwa. Iyo yakazara saizi charger yekuisirwa mugaraji inodiwa kuti udzore maEVs husiku humwe, pamwe neinotakurika recharger. Majaja anotakurika ari kukurumidza kuita midziyo yakajairika kubva kune vakawanda vanogadzira. Aya majaja anochengeterwa mutrunk kuitira kuti mabhatiri eEVs agone kuvharwa zvishoma kana kuzara parwendo rurefu kana munjodzi sekudzima kwemagetsi. Muchinyorwa chinotevera tichawedzera kutsanangura mhando dzeEV kuchaja zviteshiakadai se Level 1, Level 2 uye Wireless.
Nguva yekutumira: Feb-20-2024